The Equipment Used in Land and Road Surveys

Surveying is the process of determining the relative positions of points on the Earth’s surface. It is used in a wide variety of applications, including land development, construction, engineering, and mapping.

There are many different types of surveying equipment, each with its own specific purpose. The most common types of surveying equipment used in land and road surveys include:

• Chains and tapes
• Compasses and clinometers
• Transits and theodolites
• Levels
• Total stations
• Global positioning systems (GPS)

Chains and Tapes

Chains and tapes are the most basic types of surveying equipment. They are used to measure distances between points. Chains are made of metal and are typically 66 feet long. Tapes are made of cloth or fiberglass and are typically 100 feet long.

Compasses and Clinometers

Compasses and clinometers are used to determine direction and slope. Compasses are used to find north, while clinometers are used to measure the angle of a slope.

Transits and Theodolites

Transits and theodolites are more advanced surveying instruments that are used to measure angles. Transits are typically used for smaller surveys, while theodolites are used for larger surveys.

Levels

Levels are used to determine the elevation of points. They are typically used in conjunction with a surveyor’s rod, which is a long, graduated stick. The level is used to sight the rod from different points, and the difference in elevation between the points is calculated.

Total Stations

Total stations are the most advanced type of surveying equipment. They combine the functions of a transit, a theodolite, and a distance measuring device. Total stations are used for a wide variety of surveying applications, including land development, construction, engineering, and mapping.

Global Positioning Systems (GPS)

GPS is a satellite-based navigation system that can be used to determine the location of points on the Earth’s surface. GPS is increasingly being used in surveying applications, as it can provide highly accurate and precise measurements.

Conclusion

The equipment used in land and road surveys has evolved over time. The basic types of surveying equipment, such as chains and tapes, are still used in many applications. However, more advanced equipment, such as total stations and GPS, are becoming increasingly common. The use of advanced surveying equipment has allowed surveyors to be more efficient and accurate in their work.

Additional Information

In addition to the equipment listed above, there are a number of other tools and accessories that are used in land and road surveys. These include:

• Tripods
• Gimbals
• Level vials
• Targets
• Flagging tape
• Safety vests
• Hard hats

Surveyors also use a variety of software programs to help them with their work. These programs can be used to store and analyze data, create maps and drawings, and automate tasks.

Land and road surveys are an essential part of many construction and engineering projects. By using the right equipment and software, surveyors can help to ensure that projects are completed safely and accurately.